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Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare debilitating disorders characterised by the degeneration of lower motor neurons (neuronal cells situated in the anterior horn of spinal cord) and subsequent atrophy (wasting) of various muscle groups in the body. While some SMAs lead to early infant death, other types permit normal adult life with only mild weakness. == Classification == Based on the type of muscles affected, spinal muscular atrophies can be divided into: * ''Proximal spinal muscular atrophies'', i.e., conditions that affect primarily proximal muscles; * ''Distal spinal muscular atrophies'' (which significantly overlap with distal hereditary motor neuropathies) where they affect primarily distal muscles. When taking into account prevalence, spinal muscular atrophies are traditionally divided into:: * ''Autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy'', responsible for 90-95% of cases and usually called simply ''spinal muscular atrophy'' (SMA) – a disorder associated with a genetic mutation on the ''SMN1'' gene on chromosome 5q (locus 5q13), affecting people of any age but in its most severe form being the most common genetic cause of infant death; * ''Localised spinal muscular atrophies'' – much more rare conditions, in some instances described in but a few patients in the world, which are associated with mutations of genes other than ''SMN1'' and for this reason sometimes termed simply ''non-5q spinal muscular atrophies''. A more detailed classification is based on the gene associated with the condition (where identified) and is presented in table below. In all forms of SMA (with an exception of X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 1), only motor neurons, located at the anterior horn of spinal cord, are affected; sensory neurons, which are located at the posterior horn of spinal cord, are not affected. By contrast, hereditary disorders that cause both weakness due to motor denervation along with ''sensory'' impairment due to sensory denervation are known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spinal muscular atrophies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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